Linux 문서 원본 보기

=== <code>-bash: warning: setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (ko_KR.UTF-8)</code> ===
 sudo vim /etc/locale.gen # uncomment ko_KR.UTF-8 line.
 sudo locale-gen 
 # logout and re-login

=== 한글 나오게 하기 ===

<code>.bashrc</code>에 <code>export LANG=ko_KR.UTF-8</code>

X에 한글글꼴이 없을 수 있음. 그러면 윈도우에 글꼴 몇개 가져다가<code>/usr/share/fonts/ms/</code>에 넣고 <source lang='bash'># cd /usr/share/fonts/ms
# mkfontscale
# ttmkfdir
# fc-cache
# chmod -R a+r /usr/share/fonts/msfont</source> 이렇게 하면 됨. 글꼴파일 이름이 한글이어도 정상동작했고 firefox에서 자동으로 인식했음. 터미널에는 글꼴 없어도 export LANG만 가지고도 됨.[http://blog.nice2seeyou.com/mike/tag/%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80%ED%8F%B0%ED%8A%B8 여기]참고했음. 나는 fonts.dir, fonts.cache-1같은것이 생기지 않았기 때문에 저 중에 무언가를 빼도 될것같기도 함.

=== gcc설치 ===
<code>yum groupinstall 'Development Tools'</code>



===selinux===
* see /etc/sysconfig/iptables (if you cannot access port 80 at remote place)
*# Modify that file or 
*# Use the <code>system-config-firewall</code> command
*# if this is not a problem, see this [http://wiki.centos.org/HowTos/SELinux#head-ad837f60830442ae77a81aedd10c20305a811388 CentOS wiki page]
*#* <code> semanage port -a -t http_port_t -p tcp 81</code>
* Use <code>setenforce</code> command  instead of <code> echo 0 > /selinux/enforce </code> (Because just simple. no other reasons)
* <code>ls -Z</code>
* <code>ps -ZC httpd</code>
** or <code>ps -eZ</code>



==Base64 decode to file==
<pre>perl -MMIME::Base64 -ne 'print decode_base64($_)' < file.txt > out</pre>
http://wvarner.blogspot.com/2008/06/base64-decode-to-file.html

==core file==
 cat /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern
https://superuser.com/questions/849099/where-does-ubuntu-14-04-drop-core-files

==network issues==

===gateway ip===
<pre> $ route -n
 $ netstat -r -n
 $ ip route show </pre>
gateway가 아예 안나올 때(via ~가 보이지 않는다거나 route에서 gateway가 *.*.*.*)가 있던데 이건 어떤 경우인지 모르겠다.<br>
[https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-find-gateway-ip-address/ www.cyberciti.biz]

===<code>ip route</code> examples===
<pre> ip route add 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0
 ip route add default via 192.168.1.254
 ip route delete 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0</pre>
[https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-linux-configuring-default-route-with-ipcommand/ www.cyberciti.biz]

===ip collision detect : <code>arp-scan</code>===
<pre>$ sudo apt-get install arp-scan
$ arp-scan -I eth0 -l | grep 192.168.1.42
 192.168.1.42 d4:eb:9a:f2:11:a1 (Unknown)
 192.168.1.42 f4:23:a4:38:b5:76 (Unknown) (DUP: 2)</pre>
[http://askubuntu.com/questions/30080/how-to-solve-connection-refused-errors-in-ssh-connection/141415#141415 askubuntu.com]

===When <code>ifdown</code> is not working===
 $ sudo ifconfig eth0 down
http://unix.stackexchange.com/a/50604/31363

===flushing interface===
 ip addr flush dev enp2s0
http://askubuntu.com/a/875180/400331

===Set DNS manually===
<pre>/etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/base</pre>
<pre>nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4</pre>
<pre>sudo resolvconf -u</pre>
[https://askubuntu.com/a/662865 askubuntu.com]

===add static routes in Ubuntu===
 # vi /etc/network/interfaces
 ...
 up ip route add 192.168.0.0/24 
https://askubuntu.com/a/168037/400331

===Flushing dhcp===
 dhclient -r
https://askubuntu.com/q/151958/400331

===network configuration examples (ubuntu)===
[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/NetworkConfigurationCommandLine/Automatic help.ubuntu.com]
* Setting/changing the hostname
* Finding your network interface
* Disable network managers and/or wicd
* Configuring an interface
* Setting up a second IP address or Virtual IP address
* Howto set MTU for a connection
* Setting up DNS
* Wireless
etc

==ssh==
===ssh alias===
edit <code>~/.ssh/config</code>
<pre>Host myremote             # any name for the host
HostName 192.168.178.05   # IP, .local, or hostname if defined
User username             # your username
Port 22                   # port to listen</pre>
and then,
<code>ssh myremote</code><br>
http://askubuntu.com/questions/257472/host-alias-for-ssh askubuntu.com

===sshd restart===
 # sudo service ssh restart
or
 # /etc/init.d/ssh restart
https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-restart-ssh/

===centos 7 sshd service not found===
 systemctl enable sshd.service
 systemctl start sshd.service
 systemctl status sshd.service
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/questions/centos-7-sshd-service-not-found

==kill x-server (stop lightdm)==
ctrl + alt + F1 : to switch terminal. 
cf) ctrl+alt+F7 to switch x-window
<pre>sudo service lightdm stop</pre>
or
<pre>sudo /etc/init.d/lightdm stop 
# or 
sudo service lightdm stop
# lightdm can be known by this.
cat /etc/X11/default-display-manager</pre>
[http://askubuntu.com/a/320670 askubuntu.com] [http://askubuntu.com/a/295786 askubuntu.com][http://askubuntu.com/a/1222 askubuntu.com]

==“Required key not available” when install 3rd party kernel modules==
or after a kernel upgrade.<br>
To resolve this, disable Secure Boot in UEFI(BIOS) settings.
<br>[http://askubuntu.com/a/762255 askubuntu.com]

==my Ubuntu version==
<pre>lsb_release -a</pre>
[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CheckingYourUbuntuVersion help.ubuntu.com]

==symbolic link의 chown==
<code>-h</code> 옵션을 같이 쓸 것. no dereference option.

https://superuser.com/a/68688

==sudo without password==
 sudo visudo
In the bottom of the file, type the follow:
 username ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
https://askubuntu.com/a/147265/400331

==Upgrade single package==
 apt-get install --only-upgrade <packagename>
https://askubuntu.com/a/44124/400331

==boot partition full==
먼저, 쓸데없이 설치되어 있는 커널 찾아본다.
 <nowiki>sudo dpkg --list 'linux-image*' | grep ^ii | awk '{print $2}' | sort | egrep "[0-9]-generic" | head -n -3</nowiki>
([https://askubuntu.com/a/345611 여기]의 세번째 댓글이 출처)<br>
내 현재 커널과(<c>uname -r</c>)상관 없으면 다 쓸데없는 커널이미지.

그 다음, 지운다. 잘 안되면, 강제로 한다.
 sudo dpkg --remove --force-remove-reinstreq <packagename>
[https://askubuntu.com/a/751580/400331]<br>
dependency가 있으면 어떤 패키지부터 지우라고 알려준다. 현재 커널과 상관없으면 다 지워도 된다. 

기도하면서 재부팅.


=temporary ssh/rsync server=
<p>가장 쉬운 방법은, 한쪽에서</p>
<p><code>/sbin/sshd -p 6789</code></p>
<p>하고, 다른쪽에서 그 포트로 접속하는 것. 
rsync도 해당 포트를 이용해서 하는 것이 가장 빠르다.</p>
<p><code>rsync -e &#39;ssh -P 6789&#39; user@1.2.3.4:path/to</code></p>
[https://www.tecmint.com/sync-files-using-rsync-with-non-standard-ssh-port/ How to Rsync with non-standard SSH Port]

=ssh ternnel=
<p>터널링에 관한 자료들</p>
<ul>
<li>[https://blog.trackets.com/2014/05/17/ssh-tunnel-local-and-remote-port-forwarding-explained-with-examples.html Local and Remote Port Forwarding Explained With Examples]</li>
<li>[https://serverfault.com/questions/337274/ssh-from-a-through-b-to-c-using-private-key-on-b SSH from A through B to C, using private key on B]</li>
<li>[https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-to-use-local-and-remote-ssh-port-forwarding/ How to use local and remote SSH port forwarding]
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>

==discussion==
<disqus></disqus>