Numpy

bincount

Count number of occurrences of each value in array of non-negative ints.

numpy.bincount(x, weights=None, minlength=None)

https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.bincount.html

loadtxt

numpy.loadtxt(fname, dtype=<type 'float'>, comments='#', delimiter=None, converters=None, skiprows=0, usecols=None, unpack=False, ndmin=0)

https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.loadtxt.html

histogram

numpy.histogram(a, bins=10, range=None, normed=False, weights=None, density=None)

>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
>>> rng = np.random.RandomState(10)  # deterministic random data
>>> a = np.hstack((rng.normal(size=1000),
...                rng.normal(loc=5, scale=2, size=1000)))
>>> plt.hist(a, bins='auto')  # plt.hist passes it's arguments to np.histogram
>>> plt.title("Histogram with 'auto' bins")
>>> plt.show()

https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.histogram.html

Array to column vector

>>> a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
>>> a
array([1, 2, 3])
>>> a[:, np.newaxis]
array([[1],
       [2],
       [3]])
>>> a[np.newaxis, :]
array([[1, 2, 3]])

http://stackoverflow.com/a/17428859/766330